Evolution of humic substances in polymerization of polyphenol and amino acid based on non-destructive characterization

• Humification evolution was identified with non-destructive characterization method. • Humification process from precursors to fulvic and humic acid was confirmed. • MnO₂ alone had limited oxidation ability to form HA. • MnO₂ played a key role as a catalyst to transform FA to HA in the presence of O₂. • MnO₂ could affect the structure of the humification products. Abiotic humification is important in the formation and evolution of organic matter in soil and compost maturing processes. However, the roles of metal oxides in abiotic humification reactions under micro-aerobic remain ambiguous. The aim of this study was to use non-destructive measurement methods to investigate the role of MnO₂ in the evolution of humic substances (HSs) during oxidative polymerization of polyphenol-amino acid. Our results suggested a synergistic effect between MnO₂ and O₂ in promoting the polymerization reaction and identified that MnO₂ alone had a limited ability in accelerating the transformation of fulvic acid (FA) to humic acid (HA), whereas O₂ was the key factor in the process. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) showed that the evolution in the UV-vis spectra followed the order of 475–525 nm>300–400 nm>240–280 nm in the humification process, indicating the formation of simple organic matter followed by FA and then HA. ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) analysis revealed that the products under both air and N₂ conditions in the presence of MnO₂ had greater amounts of aromatic-C than in the absence of MnO₂, demonstrating that MnO₂ affected the structure of the humification products. The results of this study provided new insights into the theory of abiotic humification.     

爆炸分离冲击信号修正及结构状态分析

为了对爆炸分离冲击信号进行有效性分析及校正,进而对关键结构的状态变化进行分析,基于离散小波分解方法,对实测分离冲击信号及其速度积分进行校正,去除零漂趋势项.选取冲击结束后剩余自由响应阶段,对结构状态进行分析,基于冲击信号初始谱及剩余谱相关性分析,提出确定剩余自由响应阶段起始分析时间的确定方法.对该剩余响应信号结合频域窗...     

氧化煤自燃特性实验研究

为解决大柳塔煤矿活鸡兔井12下208综放工作面采空区存在大量氧化煤的遗煤自燃预测问题，对原煤及不同程度的氧化煤进行程序升温实验，分析研究低温氧化特性的变化规律，根据灰色理论对自燃标志气体进行优选。结果表明:原煤与氧化煤的临界温度与干裂温度相差不明显，分别在40~50 ℃与110~120 ℃之间；根据临界温度、干裂温度及其指数增长点将煤低温氧化过程分为缓慢自热（50~＜90 ℃）、加速自热（90~＜120 ℃）、热解裂变（120~＜160 ℃）和热解加速（160~＜200 ℃）4个阶段。在缓慢自热阶段以G2（0.01~＜0.039）和R1（0.001 5~＜0.007 7）为指标；在加速自热阶段以R1（0.007 7~＜0.019 5）和G3(0.000 9～＜0.003 7)为指标；在热解裂变阶段以烯烷比（0~＜0.484）和G3（0.003 7~＜0.037 4）为指标；在热解加速阶段以R1（0.046 8~＜0.072 6）和烯烷比（0.484~＜0.992）为指标气体。实验结果对采空区遗煤的自燃防治具有一定的指导作用。     

“路怒症”的内外生逻辑及影响因素研究

为探索“路怒症”的内外生逻辑，运用调查问卷数据，采用灰色关联分析法从即时和长期2方面对引发路怒的原因进行分析。结果表明:在引发路怒的即时原因中，前车或其他车随意变换车道或调头、其他车辆插队或加塞、夜间行驶开远光灯是最重要的3个原因；在引发路怒的长期原因中，工作或生活压力大最易引发路怒。运用Logistic回归分析各主要路怒原因的易发驾驶人群，据此提出针对性建议，以促进城市交通安全有效治理。     

Acute toxicity assessment of drinking water source with luminescent bacteria: Impact of environmental conditions and a case study in Luoma Lake,East China

• Acute toxicity assessment was conducted in Luoma lake watershed, East China. • Impacts of environmental factors on the toxicity testing was fully evaluated. • Dissolve oxygen had a weak positive correlation with luminescence inhibition rate. Protecting the quality of lake watersheds by preventing and reducing their contamination is an effective approach to ensure the sustainability of the drinking water supply. In this study, acute toxicity assessment was conducted on the basis of acute bioluminescence inhibition assay using the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri as the test organism and Luoma Lake drinking water source in East China as the research target. The suitable ranges of environmental factors, including pH value, organic matter, turbidity, hardness, and dissolved oxygen of water samples were evaluated for the toxicity testing of bioluminescent bacteria. The physicochemical characteristics of water samples at the selected 43 sites of Luoma Lake watershed were measured. Results showed that the variations in pH value (7.31–8.41), hardness (5–20 °d) and dissolved oxygen (4.44–11.03 mg/L) of Luoma Lake and its main inflow and outflow rivers had negligible impacts on the acute toxicity testing of V. fischeri. The luminescence inhibition rates ranged from -11.21% to 10.80% at the 43 sites. Pearson’s correlation analysis in the experiment revealed that temperature, pH value, hardness, and turbidity had no correlation with luminescence inhibition rate, whereas dissolved oxygen showed a weak statistically positive correlation with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.455 (p<0.05).     

中国电器电子产品生产者责任延伸制度的实施成效评估

以2012—2019年中国电器电子产品规范拆解处理数据为依据，分年度和区域分析了中国在电器电子产品领域推行生产者责任延伸制度所取得的成效，发现每千人收集台数、环境敏感性物质收集指数、可直接再生利用资源产出率等指标稳步增长。此外，通过求解Pearson相关系数并运用典型相关分析发现，在较高置信水平下，第一组指标（年度废弃电器电子产品处理基金核准补贴金额、从业企业数量、企业平均处理能力）和第二组指标（每千人废弃产品收集数量、环境敏感物质收集指数、可直接再生利用资源产出率），各指标两两之间显示出极强的相关度，且2个指标组的线性组合呈正相关。研究发现在一定前提条件下，通过增加从业企业数量，提高补贴金额或增大企业处理能力，能够促进每千人收集数量或环境敏感性物质收集指数2项指标的提升，但导致可直接再生利用资源产出率指标下降。     

京津冀及周边MAIAC AOD和PM2.5质量浓度特征及相关性分析

基于2014~2018年京津冀及周边地区MAIAC AOD和PM_2.5质量浓度数据,探讨AOD和PM_2.5质量浓度的时空差异,并利用线性回归探讨两者之间的相关性.结果表明,PM_2.5日均浓度超标天数分别占33%和57%（执行世界卫生组织IT.1和IT.2日均标准值）,污染较为严重.Terra、Aqua MAIAC AOD和PM_2.5年均浓度均呈下降趋势,PM_2.5浓度呈现出冬春季高、夏秋季低的特点,而Terra、Aqua AOD则表现为春夏季高、秋冬季低.PM_2.5及AOD的季均和年均浓度均呈现"北低南高"的区域分布特征,高值区主要位于河北南部、山西南部、山东西部以及河南北部,低值区主要位于山西北部、河北北部以及山东东部.PM_2.5年均浓度介于27~99μg·m^-3,AOD年均值介于0.20~0.69.Aqua AOD与PM_2.5浓度的相关性更高,且不同季节Terra、Aqua AOD与PM_2.5相关性差异显著,总体均表现为春冬季良好,夏秋季相对较差.对卫星AOD进行垂直和湿度订正后,其与PM_2.5的相关性显著提高.     

牛粪发酵沼液DOM与Fe (III)离子络合机制研究

采用荧光光谱、红外光谱、平行因子（PARAFAC）分析及二维相关光谱（2D-COS）分析来解释Fe （III）与牛粪发酵DOM的络合异质性及机制.结果表明,PAFAFAC能够识别6个荧光组分,包括类蛋白（C2）、类富里酸（C1）、类腐殖酸（C4、C5）、类蛋白与类富里酸和类腐殖酸结合的荧光组分（C3、C6）.2D-SYS-COS分析仅能识别类蛋白和类富里酸荧光物质,DOM中类蛋白荧光为主要的荧光组分.2D-COS分析表明,在334nm处的类富里酸荧光组分优先与Fe （III）离子发生络合作用,络合次序为334nm→306nm.DOM中能够优先与Fe （III）发生络合作用的为仲铵盐-NH₂基团,各官能团组分与Fe （III）发生络合作用次序为2265→2771→1528→1310→1805→1479cm^-1.双对数模型计算结果表明牛粪发酵沼液DOM能够与Fe （III）形成高化学稳定性的络合物,其络合常数在4.34~7.03之间,研究结果能够为沼液施用土壤金属离子的形态分布和迁移转化提供理论指导.     

金川矿区表土金属空间污染特征及磁学响应

采集金川铜镍矿区及周边表层土壤样品26个,基于环境磁学方法对样品开展了金属元素（Cu、Ni、Cr、Fe、Sr、Ti、Pb和Mn）的含量分析及相关分析,采用单因子污染指数和内梅罗污染指数评价方法对研究区域表土金属污染状况进行评价.研究区域表土磁学特征与金属元素含量呈明显空间分布差异,体现为：矿区源地 > 加工区域 > 繁忙路段 > 门岗区域 > 其他区域;受Cu和Ni元素污染的土壤样品为重度污染,Cr、Pb、Ti、Sr等金属为轻度污染和中度污染;χ_lf、SIRM、χ_ARM和HIRM数值相对较高,表明研究区域亚铁磁性矿物含量较高;研究区表层土壤样品磁晶粒度特征以较粗的假单畴（PSD）和多畴（MD）颗粒为主导;相关分析结果表明Cu、Ni、Cr、Fe、Pb和Mn元素之间皆存在较好的相关性,其中Cu、Ni显著（R=0.91）;χ_lf和SIRM、χ_ARM与各金属的相关性较为突出（0.52≤R≤0.78）,表明磁参数可有效监测城市表土重金属污染状况,快速圈定重金属污染的区域与范围,为城市表土污染监测工作提供快速有效的数据支持.     

2010～2019年雅鲁藏布江中游植被变化及其对气候因子的响应——以拉林铁路段为例

基于2010~2019年MOD13Q1/NDVI数据,结合研究区地形、1∶100万植被类型图和气象数据,采用趋势分析法、相关分析方法,探讨在气候变化背景下雅鲁藏布江拉林铁路段植被覆盖的时空演变规律及植被与气温、降水的相关性研究。结果表明,2010~2019年研究区生长季NDVI值呈波动上升趋势,增速为0.2%/10a; NDVI值呈四周高中部低,区域植被覆被改善面积(65.66%)大于退化面积(34.34%);植被覆盖变化与同期的降水呈正相关关系,与气温呈负相关;研究区植被生长对降水较气温更敏感,且西部冲积平原、山南宽谷及米林宽谷的灌丛、草原、高山植被和少量的针叶林对水热条件响应较强。